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Ua komo mālie ka ʻoihana ethylene ma Kina i ka wā oʻo, ʻo nā derivatives i lalo ka nui o PE, ethylene oxide (EO), EG, SM, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe.I ka makahiki 2020, ua helu ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻelima o nā huahana ma kahi o 97.2% o ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ethylene.Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka ʻāpana hoʻohana nui loa ʻo PE, ʻo ia ka 63.5 pakeneka o ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana.Ua ukali ʻia kēia e EO a me EG, he 10.3% a me 9.0% kēlā me kēia (e nānā i ke Kiʻi 2).

1 |ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka PE: ikaika ka hoʻokūkū homogeneity, ka ʻokoʻa, ka hoʻomohala kiʻekiʻe

ʻO nā huahana nui PE he linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE) ʻekolu mau ʻāpana.Loaʻa i ka PE nā mea maikaʻi o ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a me nā waiwai kemika maikaʻi, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka mahiʻai, ʻoihana a me ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā.Mai 2016 a 2021, hoʻomau ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mana hana PE home, me ka awelika o ka ulu ʻana o 12%, me ka nui o ka mana hana o 27.73 miliona tons / makahiki ma 2021.

I kēia manawa, hilinaʻi nui nā huahana PE ma Kina i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a hilinaʻi nui nā huahana PE kiʻekiʻe i ka lawe ʻana mai, a aia nā pilikia o ke kūkulu ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi ke koena o nā huahana haʻahaʻa a me ka nele o nā huahana kiʻekiʻe.I nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, me ka hoʻonui mau ʻana o ka mana hana PE home, e ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hoʻokūkū homogeneous, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā huahana kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā huahana metallocene polyethylene (mPE) ma ke ʻano he laʻana, i kēia manawa ke koi ʻia ka mākeke kūloko ma kahi o 1 miliona tons / makahiki, a ʻo ka hana ʻana o Kina i 2020 he 110,000 tons wale nō.Hoʻoulu ka nui o ka lako lako i ka nui o nā huahana mPE i lawe ʻia e komo i ka mākeke Kina.No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka PE ma ke ala o ka hopena kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻokoʻa.

2 |ʻO ke ʻano hoʻomohala EO o ka hoʻohui ʻana a me ka hoʻololi maʻalahi EO/EG

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo EO i ka hana ʻana o EG, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana e hoʻohana i ka mea hana hui pū EO/EG.Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo EO i ka wai hoʻēmi wai, polyether, disinfection a me nā kahua sterilization.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka emi ʻana o ka loaʻa kālā o ka mākeke EG, ua hoʻomaka ka hapa nui o nā hui hana hui EO/EG e hoʻololi i ka hana ʻana o EO, a e noʻonoʻo i ka hoʻopuka maʻalahi o nā mea ʻelua, i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i nā pono waiwai.Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka mana hana EO, akā ua komo ka ulu ʻana o nā huahana i lalo i kahi wā bottleneck, a ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka like ʻole a me ka homogeneity.ʻO nā huahana nui, e like me ka polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent monomer, surfactant a me ethanolamine, ke kū nei i ke kūlana o ka overcapacity, ikaika ka hoʻokūkū ʻoihana, hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana.I kēia, ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ke kumu hoʻomohala i luna a me lalo, e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi o nā ʻoihana, e like me ethylene, EO, EG, kūkulu i ka polyether monomer (e like me polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, allyl polyoxyethylene ether, methyl. allyl polyoxyethylene ether), polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants (e like me ka momona momona polyoxyethylene ether) a me ke kaulahao hana piha, E hoʻomau i ka hoʻonui i lalo, nā ʻano huahana waiwai.

3 |EG: ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaulahao ʻoihana, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā huahana cross production

ʻO EG ka lua o ka māhele noi nui loa o ka ethylene.Mai ka 2016 a hiki i 2021, me ka hana ʻana o kekahi mau papahana kohu-kemika nui a me ka hoʻohuihui hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā papahana kemika, hoʻonui ʻia ka mana hana EG i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka nui o ka mana hana o 21.452 miliona tons / makahiki ma 2021.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana o ka mana EG, akā ua lohi ka noi i lalo, e ʻike ʻia ka overcapacity.Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka pau ʻana o ka ʻai, hoʻohana nui ʻia kā mākou EG e hana i ka polyester, ka helu ʻana no ka hoʻohana ʻana o EG i ʻoi aku ma mua o 90%, ʻoi aku ka hoʻokahi o ka māla ʻai, aia kahi kaulahao o lalo o ka ʻoihana, ua like ke ʻano o nā huahana, nā hoʻokūkū haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. pilikia nui.

I ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono mākou e hoʻonui i ka noi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka resin polyester unsaturated, lubricating oil, plasticizer, non-ionic surfactant, coating, ink a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe ma o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke kaulahao ʻoihana, hoʻololi mālie i ke kūlana o ka hoʻohana hoʻokahi. kaulahao ʻoihana mai ka hana ʻana i ka noi, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka waiwai hoʻohui o nā huahana, i mea e hōʻemi ai i nā pilikia mākeke.

4 |ʻO nā ʻano SM: kahi mana hoʻonui nui, kūpaʻa o ka ʻoihana o lalo

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka lalo o SM no ka hana ʻana i nā polymers styrene a me nā polymers ionic like ʻole, e like me ka polystyrene combustible (EPS), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS), unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), styrene rubber. (SBR), styrene copolymer (SBC) a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe.Ma waena o lākou, ʻo EPS, PS a me ABS ka mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o 70% o ka hoʻohana ʻana o SM ma Kina, a hoʻohana nui ʻia kā lākou huahana i nā lako hale, nā lako uila, nā kaʻa, nā waiwai a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka hana ʻana o nā ʻāpana nui i lalo e kākoʻo ana i nā ʻāpana SM no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kemika ma Kina a me ka piʻi ʻana o nā papahana hana like propylene oxide / styrene monomer (PO/SM), ua hōʻike ka mana hana SM i kahi ulu mau. .Mai ka makahiki 2020 a hiki i ka 2022, ua ʻike ka mana hana o SM i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana, a ke manaʻo ʻia nei ma ka hopena o 2022, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana ma mua o 20 miliona tons / makahiki.Me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka hiki, ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka home a me ka noi i ka neʻe nui ʻana, me ka hāʻule nui ʻana o nā mea lawe mai a me ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻupena kūwaho.No ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana hana hou o SM ma mua o ka benzene maʻemaʻe ma 2021, aia ka benzene maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe i ke kūlana o ka lako pōkole, kahi e hoʻopiʻi hou ai i ka loaʻa kālā o SM.Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻohana ʻana, ma waena o nā mākeke ʻekolu o lalo, ʻo ka ʻoihana ABS wale nō ke mālama i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hana ʻana, he mea paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka hoʻonui lako i lawe ʻia e ka mana hana hou o SM.ʻO ka hopena, hoʻopilikia ʻia ʻo SM e ka kūʻē ʻana ma waena o ka hoʻolako a me ke koi a me ke kākoʻo kumu kūʻai, a ke hōʻike nei ke kūlana mākeke i kahi ʻano oscillating.I ka mākeke hope, ʻo ka "hoʻokele home" i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi COVID-19 i hoʻonui i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea hana hale liʻiliʻi.I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka maʻi maʻi ma waho, a ʻo ka lawe ʻana aku i nā huahana pale maʻi maʻi a me kekahi mau mea hana hale ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, ka mea i alakaʻi i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana SM a hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka loaʻa kālā.

5 |ʻO ke ʻano hoʻomohala PVC: hele pū ka maikaʻi a me ka palekana o ke kaiapuni

ʻO PVC ka mea mua o ka honua synthetic resin material i ko mākou ʻāina.Me kāna hana koʻikoʻi a me ke kumukūʻai kumukūʻai, hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā huahana ʻoihana a me nā mea ola o kēlā me kēia lā, me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa, ka pale ahi, ke kūpaʻa kino kino a me nā ʻano insulation uila.ʻO ka hana PVC ka nui o ʻelua ʻano o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana, ʻo ia ke ʻano calcium carbide, ʻo ka hana nui o nā mea maka he calcium carbide, lanahu a me ka paʻakai maka.Ma Kina, kaupalena ʻia e ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lanahu waiwai, ka aila lean a me ke kinoea liʻiliʻi, ʻo ke ʻano calcium carbide ke ʻano nui.I ke kaʻina hana, hoʻopau ʻia ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai wai hou, a aia nā bottlenecks e like me ka nui o ka ikehu a me ka pollution.ʻO ka lua, ʻo ke kaʻina hana ethylene, ʻo ka ʻaila nui ka ʻaila.ʻO ka mākeke honua ka nui o ka ethylene kaʻina, me ka maikaʻi o ka huahana maikaʻi, ʻenehana holomua, ʻoi aku ka palekana o ke kaiapuni, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kaʻina hana calcium carbide i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻO Kina ka mea hana nui loa o ka honua i ka PVC, akā he mea kūʻai nui hoʻi, aia ka mākeke kūloko i kahi kūlana o ka overcapacity.I ka hoʻokō honua i kēia manawa o ka plastic ma kahi o ke kila, ka plastic ma kahi o ka hoʻolālā lāʻau, e hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumu waiwai mineral a me ka lāʻau ma lalo o ke kua, ua hoʻokō ka resin PVC i ka hoʻomohala nui, hoʻomau ka mākeke noi i lalo, i loko o nā kiʻi plastik, ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke koko. hoʻohana nui ʻia nā paipu, nā ʻeke hoʻokahe koko, nā kaʻa, nā mea hoʻohuhū a me nā māla huahana ʻē aʻe.Me ka wikiwiki o ke kaʻina hana urbanization o Kina a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana o nā kamaʻāina, ua hoʻonui mau ʻia nā manaʻolana a me nā koi o ke kaiāulu no ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni.Ua komo ka lalo o ka ʻoihana PVC i kahi pae o ka hoʻokūkū paʻakikī ma waena o ka maikaʻi a me ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni, a ua hoʻonui mau ʻia ke kahua noi a ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻokoʻa.

6 |hoʻomohala huahana ʻē aʻe |

ʻO nā huahana ethylene i lalo, e like me ka ethylene - vinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene - vinyl alcohol copolymer a me ethylene - acrylic acid copolymer, epdm, etc. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike, ua hoʻololi ʻia e ka nui o nā mea hoʻoweliweli.ʻO nā huahana polyolefin kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka home e kaupalena ʻia e nā ʻenehana ʻenehana ʻē aʻe, e like me ka ethylene-α-olefin (1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, etc.) copolymer, ʻaʻole oʻo ka ʻenehana kūloko, aia kahi ākea nui. no ka hooulu ana.ʻO ka hapa nui o nā huahana o lalo o ka ethylene e pili ana i ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka nohona a me ka hoʻokele waiwai a me nā pono o ka hoʻonui ʻana.No ka laʻana, ma lalo o ke kāʻei o ka carbon peak a me ka neutrality carbon, ke komo nei ka ʻoihana photovoltaic i kahi ala hoʻomohala wikiwiki, e piʻi ka noi no nā mea photovoltaic EVA i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, a e hoʻomau ke kumukūʻai mākeke o ka ethylene acetate i kahi kiʻekiʻe. .

Manaʻo ʻia ma ka makahiki 2025, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana ethylene o Kina ma mua o 70 miliona tons/makahiki, kahi e hoʻokō pono ai i ka koi kūloko, a aia paha ke koena.Ma lalo o ka mana o ke kulekele "pālua" aupuni e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu, e kū ana ka ʻoihana kemika lanahu a me ka ʻoihana petrochemical i kahi hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi i ka wā o ka 14th Five-Year Plan, kahi mea e hoʻohuoi nui ai i ka papahana ethylene me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai fossil ma ke ʻano he maka. mea waiwai.I ka pōʻaiapili o ka peaking carbon a me ka neutrality carbon, ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā ʻoihana e noʻonoʻo pono i ka hōʻemi ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hoʻoiho kalapona i ka wā e hoʻolālā ai i ia mau papahana, hoʻololi i ka ikehu fossil me ka ikehu hou a me ka uila maʻemaʻe, hoʻopau ikaika i ka mana hana hope a hōʻemi i ka nui o ka hiki, a hoʻolaha. ka hoʻololi a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻoihana.

ʻO ka Ethylene a me ka hydrogen i hana ʻia e ka pāhana o ka ethane cracking i ka ethylene he mau mea waiwai nui i koi ʻia e ka mākeke kūloko, me nā manaʻo hoʻomohala nui a me ka loaʻa kālā ikaika.Ke hilinaʻi nui nei i ka lawe ʻana mai, nā kumuwaiwai ethane home, akā naʻe, aia hoʻokahi kumu kumu waiwai, nā lako kaulahao hoʻolako i hoʻolaʻa ʻia, nā pilikia o ka halihali moana, e like me "ko lākou" pilikia, manaʻo i ka National Development and Reform Commission a me nā keʻena ʻoihana ʻē aʻe e hoʻoikaika i ke alakaʻi hoʻolālā. , hui pū ka ʻoihana me ko lākou kūlana maoli, hoʻokō i ka hiki ʻana o ka papahana, pale i ka "hoʻonohonoho, hoʻopuehu ʻia i kahi hubbub".

ʻO ka Ethylene ma lalo o ke kahawai kiʻekiʻe loa, e hoʻokomo i kahi mākeke nui.E like me mPE, ethylene-α-olefin copolymer, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, high carbon alcohol, cyclic olefin polymer a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe ka mea nui o ka mākeke.I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hāʻawi nā papahana hou e like me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hoʻohui kemika, CTO/MTO, a me ka ethane cracking e hāʻawi i ka ethylene maka lako e hoʻolalelale i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana ethylene downstream i ke kuhikuhi o ka "differentiation, high-end and functional".